A new biosensor to help detect a genetic disease. The potentially carcinogenic effects of common herbicides. This sort of research may sound like the domain of large biomedical research labs, but it’s being conducted right here on the Converse campus.
And some of the researchers aren’t old enough to drive.
This summer, seven research teams spent nearly two months in the lab, then presented their initial findings to the Converse community. Each led by a faculty mentor, the teams were a mixture of high school students, undergraduates, a grad student and a high school science teacher. The research was funded primarily by a $626,000 grant awarded to Converse by the National institutes of Health (NIH). The purpose of the grant, called INBRE (IDeA Networks of Biometical Research Excellence) is to further biomedical research in underrepresented areas like South Carolina. For Converse, it is a unique opportunity to expose young people to authentic laboratory research and to mentor current and future science teachers.
Valuing Undergraduate Research
Following the presentations, Dr. Kim Shorter ’09, Assistant Professor of Biology at USC Upstate, discussed the increasing expectation for aspiring scientists and doctors to have had an independent or mentored research experience before graduating with their bachelor’s degree.
“It’s becoming more and more expected in medical schools and graduate schools. It’s practically a requirement.” Are undergraduate colleges and universities keeping up with this expectation? “I feel like they are just starting to catch on.”
Converse has been leading the way in undergraduate research since the early 2000s, and Shorter is an early protégé of the program’s champion, Dr. Neval Erturk. Now a mentor to undergraduate researchers herself, Dr. Shorter understands the importance of early exposure to research on a more personal level than most. She credits her Converse research experiences with shaping her career path, dramatically shifting her aspirations from the medical profession to a life in the lab.
Impacting Today’s High Schools
Dr. Erturk’s vision for the research program also extends its reach into the Spartanburg community. Now in its sixth year and expanded with INBRE funding, the Science, Technology, and Research Scholars (STARS) program brings high-school-age scientists into Converse laboratories under the guidance of Converse faculty.
Dr. Shorter sees many advantages for high school students to be involved in STARS: better preparation for higher learning, more competitive college applications, and deeper critical thinking skills.
“We need to teach students how to think. Memorizing information is best suited for an earlier age, but the real world requires the ability to mend thoughts and ideas together. One of the best things about research is that students arerequired to think. My hope for the local community is that more high schools have the opportunity to be involved with [this type of program]. It would be wonderful for the next great scientist or doctor to come from Spartanburg!”
Research Experience for Teachers
The INBRE grant also supports a new partnership between Converse and Furman University to offer a “Research Experience for Teachers.” Deborah Ezell, a science teacher at Chesnee High School, worked on Dr. Will Case’s research team to help develop a first-generation biosensor for the detection of galactose, a sugar that cannot be metabolized by those with the genetic disorder galactosemia. For Deborah, the link between this laboratory research and her effectiveness in the classroom is clear.
“As the lead teacher for our STEAM Academy at Chesnee High School, I wanted to bring the authentic science experience to my students. I always tell my students ‘question everything,’ and research in the classroom helps students do that. If the teacher is the only source of information, then they do not learn to question things.”
Deborah worked side-by-side with Dr. Case and her teammates, cleaning electrodes, making enzyme solutions, analyzing data, and participating in decisions. She then put the principle that powered their biosensors to work in a learning module for her classroom. Her students will create lamps out of fruits and vegetables, which produce the same type of reaction when conducting electricity. She and Dr. Case presented the learning module in a workshop for regional teachers and have submitted an article for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. She found the experience both humbling and empowering.
“Before, I would tell my students, ‘Well I am not a scientist…’ Now I don’t have to say that.”
Shaping Future Classrooms
In order to truly impact the way K-12 science is taught, the vision must be shared with the next generation of science teachers. During the summer, Jessica Wilkerson, a second-year Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) student at Converse, shared her passion for science by leading a research team of students from Legacy Charter School in Greenville.
“I was ecstatic at the opportunity,” she said. “I am a strong believer that research is fundamental in creating avid thinkers.”
Under the guidance of Dr. Erturk, Jessica and her students investigated the antibacterial effects of herbal extracts such as oregano. Despite an hour-long early-morning bus commute every day, Jessica’s students caught the research bug, sharing Jessica’s enthusiasm during their presentation.
“My students thanked me for not only teaching them the basis for conducting research but also for showing them that research can be fun and innovative,” Jessica said.
As the summer program came to a close, Converse College Provost Dr. Jeff Barker presented the high school student researchers with a certificate honoring their achievement, and warmly encouraged them on their research journey.
“Don’t ever give up,” he said. “Ever. It doesn’t matter how many times someone failed to find a treatment for cancer. The times they succeeded made all the other times worthwhile.”
Each research team will present their findings to peers and experts in scientific conferences around the region during the 2016-17 academic year.